ead, F.S.C. Northrop, Walter Pitts, Arturo Rosenthbleuth, John Von Neumann, Claude Shannon, Heinz Von Foerster, W. Grey Walter, Norbert Wiener, and J.Z. Young. McCulloch, as Chairman, presided over the sessions and decided who to invite and what they should talk about. von Foerster, as Secretary, was the

nd Edmund Carpenter, I started reading avidly in the field of information theory, cybernetics, and systems theory. McLuhan suggested I read biologist J.Z. Young’s Doubt and Certainty in Science in which he said that we create tools and we mold ourselves through our use of them. The other text he recommended w

nd Edmund Carpenter, I started reading avidly in the field of information theory, cybernetics, and systems theory. McLuhan suggested I read biologist J.Z. Young’s Doubt and Certainty in Science in which he said that we create tools and we mold ourselves through our use of them. The other text he recommended w