incumbency does not provide a defensive advantage and even when facing a more formidable intruder. Over the years, evi- dence has amassed to support Maynard Smith’s explanation, such as experimental manipulation of which animal arrives first (Davies, 1978; Sigg & Falett, 1985). Like other animals, we condition h

ch. In this case, cooperation yields the higher payoff only when one's partner also cooperates. The Hawk-Dove game (May- nard Smith and Price, 1973; Maynard Smith, 1978) represents the fourth kind, in which having a different behavior than one's partner produces a higher payoff. Doves cooperate by sharing res

. Connen T, Leiterson C. Rivest It, Stein C i1009) Introduction to Algorithms. Mn' Prem. Id. Valiant 1.G (2009) Evolvability.I ACM 56: 30 3:2L 19. Maynard Smith.) (1970) Natural selection and the concept of a protein space. Nature 115: 563-564. 20. Fontana W, Schuster P (1987) A computer model of evolutiona

). Evolutionary game theory was introduced by John Maynard Smith in order to explore the evolution of animal behavior (Maynard Smith Si Price 1973, Maynard Smith 1982, Houston & McNamara 1999, McNamara et al 1999, Bshary et al 2008). In the meanwhile, evolutionary game theory has been used in many areas of b

tion. MIT Press; Krebs, J., & Dawkins, R. (1984). Animal signals: mind-reading and manipulation. In: Behavioural ecology, pp. 380-402, Sinauer Press; Maynard Smith, J. & Harper, D. (2003) Animal signals. Oxford University Press; Searcy, W.A. & Nowicki, S. (2010). The Evolution of Animal Communication. Princeton