Epstein Secrets

ent as % of GDP, 1999 vs. 2009 Dg mm mm — me me — ae a = = Hm a Q 0) 5 m= 2009 = 1999 Ry EET, NI m2 se aa me a ee sce ee est te see ea a a a a a & European Union 2009 Average = 17.1% o 2 —* -@2 -3 - ga -#)- 93 -» - g----------------: £ ° (0) > 2 Ko] @ a 10% | ili: i a 2 we a < C7) [a] & 5% T T

quire fiscal adjustments of a magnitude that, in some cases, will test social cohesion. ' - Pierre Cailleteau Managing Director of Sovereign Risk at Moody’s, 3/16/2010 .../f there are not offsetting measures to reverse the deterioration in negative fundamentals in the U.S., the likelihood of a negative o

e process of the UK exit in motion. Here, the government’s current objectives—limiting freedom of movement into the UK while retaining full access to the European Union’s single market— UK authorities will have little room to cushion a downturn given today’s large fiscal deficits and already highly accommodative cent

but has also helped municipal finances. Ratings trends have improved as a result of both stable revenue and spending discipline, with upgrades in the Moody’s universe seeing a notable uptick in last year’s third quarter (see Exhibit 84). Of course, underfunded long-term pension liabilities remain a source

ility would have to increase from 440 bn to 1.7 trillion Euros, mostly from Germany). Italy es EFSM 600 400 200 faces a multi-notch downgrade from Moody’s, which is not going to help. As we discussed two weeks ago, Italy has been a model citizen in terms of running low budget deficits for 20 years, but

Congressional Budget Office OMB Office of Management and Budget EFSF European Financial Stability Facility FICA Federal Insurance Contributions Act EU European Union IMF International Monetary Fund IF Institute of International Finance ECB European Central Bank EMU European Monetary Union AMT Alternative Minim