Epstein Secrets

published by FAZ on July 26, 2013.] NSA: THE DECISION PROBLEM Shortly after noon, local time, on 19 August 1960, over the North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii, a metal capsule about the size and shape of a large kitchen sink fell out of the sky from low earth orbit and drifted by parachute toward the eart

reasonable guess at what you are thinking is good enough. Data mining, on the scale now practiced by Google and the NSA, is the realization of what Alan Turing was getting at, in 1939, when he wondered "how far it is possible to eliminate intuition, and leave only ingenuity," in postulating what he termed

gence by the NSA @ was hardly a secret. As the NSA expanded further, it delegated part of its work to regional bases, including ones in Utah, Texas, Hawaii, and Japan. The paramount task of the NSA remained monitoring the channels of communications that an adversary might use. The vast prolifera- tion of

Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially, British cryptanalysts led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in build- ing a rudimentary computer to decipher Germany’s messages to its submarines and bombers, but in 1942 Germany added a fourth set o

ted as a hero for defying the US government. He had not sacrificed himself, he had transformed himself. He had risen from being a lowly technician in Hawaii whose talents went largely unrecognized, to the status of an international media star in Moscow. In his new messianic role, he could make Internet ap

Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially British cryptanalysts led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in building a rudimentary computer to decipher German messages to its submarines and bombers, but, in 1942, Germany added a fourth set of e