Epstein Secrets

l to the percentage of their genes that others carry. This insight was further developed by the concept of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving...at the cost of

f parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the pare

Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). Spirituality and autonomic cardiovascular control. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 198-208. 8. Bemtson, G. G., Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). Cardiac Autonomic Balance vs. Cardiac Regulatory Capacity. Psychophysiology, 45, 643-652. EFTA_R1_0152

of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as “any investment by the paren

p. 101. "William Hamilton, “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior, IT” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964), pp. 17-52. "Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers, “Parental Investment and Sexual Selection,” B. Campbell (ed.), Sexual HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021284 Selection and the Descent of Man (Chicago: Aldine Pub

& Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). Spirituality and autonomic cardiovascular control. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 198-208. 8. Berntson, G. G., Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). Cardiac Autonomic Balance vs. Cardiac Regulatory Capacity. Psychophysiology, 45, 643-652. HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_

0), 718-723; Sigmund, K., Hauert, C., & Nowak, M. (2001). Reward and punishment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 989), 10757- 10762; Trivers, R.L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35-57. Quotes Watts, D. P., Muller, M., Amsler, S. J., Mbabazi

so. These ideas started with Charles Darwin. One hundred years later, they were developed in exquisite detail by the American evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers. Combined, they provide an explanation for why, in most species including our own, males compete with each other for access to females — the most val

: from actions to habits to compulsion Nature Neuroscience, 8(11), 1481-1489; Grigorenko, E. L., De Young, C. G., Eastman, M., Getchell, M., Haeffel, G. J., Klinteberg, B. A., Koposov, R. A., et al. (2010). Aggressive behavior, related conduct problems, and variation in genes affecting dopamine turnover.

y intensity. B. Math. Biol. 70, 1410-1424. [158] Trivers, R.L., 1971. The evolution of reciprocal altruism

th. Biol 52, 667-681. [64] Jansen VA, van Baalen M, 2006. Altruism through beard chromodynkunics. Nature, 440, 663-666. [65] Kandori, M., Mailath, G. J., Rob, R., 1993. Learning, mutation, and long run equi- libria in games. Econometrica, 61, 29-56. [66] Kandori, M. and Rob, R., 1995. Evolution of eq