Epstein Secrets

l to the percentage of their genes that others carry. This insight was further developed by the concept of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving...at the cost of

f parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the pare

eliness in adults: The Netherlands twin register study. Behav Genet 2005;35:745-52. 29. Williams KD. Ostracism: The power of silence. New York: Guilford Press; 2001. 30. Cacioppo JT, Patrick B. Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York: W. W. Norton & Company; 2008. 31. E

of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as “any investment by the paren

p. 101. "William Hamilton, “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior, IT” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964), pp. 17-52. "Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers, “Parental Investment and Sexual Selection,” B. Campbell (ed.), Sexual HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021284 Selection and the Descent of Man (Chicago: Aldine Pub

ns to loneliness in adults: The Netherlands twin register study. Behav Genet 2005;35:745-52. Williams KD. Ostracism: The power of silence. New York: Guilford Press; 2001. Cacioppo JT, Patrick B. Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York: W. W. Norton & Company; 2008. 31. 32. 33.

lves are also the ones most likely to lash out with extreme violence when someone threatens the reality of their stature. The evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers was the first to identify the adaptive significance of self-deception and its connection to deception. As he insightfully notes in his book The Folly

s of victory in war — or any competitive arena. Though this is a costly strategy, there are clear evolutionary benefits under conditions explained by Trivers and Johnson. Self-deception is favored when opponents have imperfect information about their strengths and weaknesses, and where the payoffs are high

s, New York Singer, P. (2010). The Life You Can Save. New York: Random House. Wittenbrink, B. & Schwarz, B. (2007). Implicit Measures of Attitudes. Guilford Press. Zimbardo, P. (2007). The Lucifer Effect: Understanding how good people turn evil. New York: Random House. Key references * What’s normal: Cohen,