Epstein Secrets

l to the percentage of their genes that others carry. This insight was further developed by the concept of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving...at the cost of

f parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the pare

y of Social Exclusion. Science 2003;302:290-2. 36. Epley N, Waytz A, Cacioppo JT. On Seeing Human: A Three- Factor Theory of Anthropomorphism. Psychological Review 2007;114:864-86. EFTA_R1_01522114 EFTA02444877 Page 130 From Inclusive Fitness to Spiritual Striving The notion of "selfish genes" (and, by

of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as “any investment by the paren

p. 101. "William Hamilton, “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior, IT” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964), pp. 17-52. "Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers, “Parental Investment and Sexual Selection,” B. Campbell (ed.), Sexual HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021284 Selection and the Descent of Man (Chicago: Aldine Pub

MRI Study of Social Exclusion. Science 2003 ;302:290-2. Epley N, Waytz A, Cacioppo JT. On Seeing Human: A Three- Factor Theory of Anthropomorphism. Psychological Review 2007; 114:864-86. HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021275 From Inclusive Fitness to Spiritual Striving The notion of “selfish genes” (and, by extension, selfish o

lves are also the ones most likely to lash out with extreme violence when someone threatens the reality of their stature. The evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers was the first to identify the adaptive significance of self-deception and its connection to deception. As he insightfully notes in his book The Folly

s of victory in war — or any competitive arena. Though this is a costly strategy, there are clear evolutionary benefits under conditions explained by Trivers and Johnson. Self-deception is favored when opponents have imperfect information about their strengths and weaknesses, and where the payoffs are high

provocation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(7), 2118-2123; Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008). The trouble with overconfidence Psychological Review, 115(2), 502-517; Robbins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2004). Positive illusions about the self: short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Person