Epstein Secrets

l to the percentage of their genes that others carry. This insight was further developed by the concept of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving...at the cost of

f parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the pare

J., & Champion, H.C. (2005). Neurohumoral features of myocardial stunning due to sudden emotional stress. N Engl J Med, 352, 539-48. 4. Padgett, D. A., Sheridan, J. F., Dome, J., Berntson, G. G., Candelora, J., & Glaser, R. (1998). Social stress and the reactivation of latent herpes simplex viru

of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as “any investment by the paren

p. 101. "William Hamilton, “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior, IT” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964), pp. 17-52. "Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers, “Parental Investment and Sexual Selection,” B. Campbell (ed.), Sexual HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021284 Selection and the Descent of Man (Chicago: Aldine Pub

, T.J., & Champion, H.C. (2005). Neurohumoral features of myocardial stunning due to sudden emotional stress. N Engl J Med, 352, 539-48. 4. Padgett, D. A., Sheridan, J. F., Dorne, J., Berntson, G. G., Candelora, J., & Glaser, R. (1998). Social stress and the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus-t

0), 718-723; Sigmund, K., Hauert, C., & Nowak, M. (2001). Reward and punishment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 989), 10757- 10762; Trivers, R.L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35-57. Quotes Watts, D. P., Muller, M., Amsler, S. J., Mbabazi

so. These ideas started with Charles Darwin. One hundred years later, they were developed in exquisite detail by the American evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers. Combined, they provide an explanation for why, in most species including our own, males compete with each other for access to females — the most val

her regions of rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol 47:419-27. Portenoy, R. K., Jarden, J. O., Sidtis, J. J., Lipton, R. B., Foley, K. M., & Rottenberg, D. A. (1986). Compulsive thalamic self-stimulation: a case with metabolic, electrophysiologic and behavioral correlates. [Case Report]. Pain, 27(3), 277-29

lves are also the ones most likely to lash out with extreme violence when someone threatens the reality of their stature. The evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers was the first to identify the adaptive significance of self-deception and its connection to deception. As he insightfully notes in his book The Folly

s of victory in war — or any competitive arena. Though this is a costly strategy, there are clear evolutionary benefits under conditions explained by Trivers and Johnson. Self-deception is favored when opponents have imperfect information about their strengths and weaknesses, and where the payoffs are high

oxidase A gene (MAOA) predicts behavioral aggression following provocation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(7), 2118-2123; Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008). The trouble with overconfidence Psychological Review, 115(2), 502-517; Robbins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2004). Positive illusio

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ly applied in biological contexts to explain phenomena such as animal sex ratios (Fisher, 1958), territoriality (Smith & Price, 1973), coop- eration (Trivers, 1971), sexual displays (Zahavi, 1975), and parent—offspring con- flict (Trivers, 1974). More recently, evolutionary dynamic models have been applied