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EFTA02444849_sub_001 - EFTA02444849_100

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l to the percentage of their genes that others carry. This insight was further developed by the concept of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving...at the cost of

f parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the pare

Liang, J., & Liu, X. (1994). Social networks, social support, and mortality among older people in Japan. Journal of Gerontology, 49, S3- 13. 4. Cheng, S. (1992). Loneliness- distress and physician utilization in well-elderly females. Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 43-56; Geller, J., Janson

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021247_sub_001 - HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021346

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of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as “any investment by the paren

p. 101. "William Hamilton, “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior, IT” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964), pp. 17-52. "Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers, “Parental Investment and Sexual Selection,” B. Campbell (ed.), Sexual HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021284 Selection and the Descent of Man (Chicago: Aldine Pub

development, empathy is an invisible force to reckon with when considering how humans behave toward each other. References HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021336 Cheng, Y., Lin, C., Liu, H.L., Hsu, Y., Lim, K., Hung, D., & Decety, J. (2007). Expertise modulates the perception of pain in others. Current Biology, 17,

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012747_sub_002 - HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012897

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lves are also the ones most likely to lash out with extreme violence when someone threatens the reality of their stature. The evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers was the first to identify the adaptive significance of self-deception and its connection to deception. As he insightfully notes in his book The Folly

s of victory in war — or any competitive arena. Though this is a costly strategy, there are clear evolutionary benefits under conditions explained by Trivers and Johnson. Self-deception is favored when opponents have imperfect information about their strengths and weaknesses, and where the payoffs are high

neural responses. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(26), 8525-8529. * Dehumanization: Baron-Cohen, S. (2011). The Science of Evil. New York: Basic Books; Cheng, Y, Lin, CP, Liu, HL, Hsu, YY, Lim, KE, Hung, D, & Decety, J. (2007). Expertise modulates the perception of pain in others. Current Biology, 17(19),