Epstein Secrets

hrough Newton's discovery of the laws of motion, through the experimental and theoretical investigations of the nature of electromagnetism, through Einstein's unification of space and time, through the discoveries of the nucleus, quantum mechanics, protons, neutrons, and the discovery of the weak and st

romagnetic wave whose speed could be calculated from first principles, and lo and behold, the prediction was equal to the mea- sured speed of light. Einstein's unification of space and time predicted that clocks would slow for moving observers, and lo and behold, they do, and in just the way he predicted

Higgs is like a toilet. It hides all the messy details we would rather not speak of. The Higgs field, as elegant as it might be, is within the Stan- dard Model essentially an ad hoc addition. It is added to the theory to do what is required to accurately model the world of our experience. But it is not req

§0,(x) where 122 = 1 + 2e4)t./All, (2) is the conformal factor and Alp is the reduced Planck mass. By doing so, one passes from the Jordan to the Einstein frame. The scalar potential in the new frame becomes V (h) Am 4 (1 + ) 2 (3) where we have written et = h2/ 2. At large field values, h > Mp/

eed to be consid- ered when deriving constraints on parameters. 4. GAUGE DEPENDENCE AMBIGUITIES When working with a gauge theory, such as the Stan- dard Model electroweak sector, calculations typically involve spurious gauge dependence that cancels when physical ob- servable are calculated. For example, in

li,„(s) where D2 = 1 + 2e(}141/4/1, (2) is the conformal factor and My is the reduced Planck mass. By doing so. one passes from the Jordan to the Einstein frame. The scalar potential in the new frame becomes V(h) 2 (3) 4 (1 + where we have written 4.147, = h2/ 2. At large field values. h > ii/p/V

eed to be consid- ered when deriving constraints on parameters. 4. GAUGE DEPENDENCE AMBIGUITIES When working with a gauge theory, such as the Stan- dard Model electroweak sector, calculations typically involve spurious gauge dependence that cancels when physical ob- servable arc calculated. For example, in