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izes travel for the purpose of knowingly engaging in unlawful sexual activity with minors. United States Hayward, 359 F.3d 631, 638 (3d Cir. 2004); United Stales v Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 471 (3d Cir. 2006). This is the highest level of culpability in the four tier hierarchy of culpability that the Model Pen
ternational travel, left untouched the,standard for domestic travel, and thus underscores the strict standard needed for a prosecution in this area. See United States I Clark, 435 F.3d 1100, 1104- 05 (9°' Cir. 2006). 08-80736-CV-MARRA RFP WPB 000735 EFTA00184609 Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document 361-43 Entered o
thern District of Florida February 1, 2007 Page 22 Clause imposes real limitations on Congress's power to criminalize essentially local behavior. See United States' Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000) (Violence Against Women Act exceeded Congressional power under the Commerce Clause or § 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment)
Whoever, using the mail or any facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce, or within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States knowingly persuades, induces, entices or coerces any individual who has not attained the age of 18 years, to engage in prostitution or any sexual
See, e.g., United States Morton, 364 F.3d 1300 (11 th Cir. 2004), judgment vacated for Booker consideration, 125 S. Ct. 338 (2006); United States !Orrega, 363 F.3d 1093 (I I" Cir. 2004); United States "'Miranda, 348 17.3d 1322 (11th Cir. 20 3); United StatesITYllmon, 195 F.3d 640 (11th Cir. 190.9); Un
nviction affirmed. 2422(b); 2423(0 Not Consummated Showed up for meeting Sting 38 EFTA00224172 COURT CASES FACILITY FACTS/COMMUNICATION United States'. Messano. 114 Fed. Appx. 785 (9th Cir. 2004) Unpublished Internet Defendant developed relationship over a period of several months on the Inter
special assessment. Affirmed. 2422(b); 2423(b) Consummated 57 EFTA00224191 COURT CAAIM SE. FACILITY - FACTS/COMMUNICA11Oa CHARGES U.S. I Orrega, 363 F.3d 1093 (11th Cir. 2004) Internet Internet chat room; defendant said he was 24 yrs-old & began communication with "16 yr-old"; told her
cific information available. Conviction affirmed. 2422(b) No Information 40 EFTA00226356 COURT CASES FACILITY FACTS/COMMUNICATION CHARGE United States' Messano, 114 Fed. Appx. 785 (9th Cir. 2004) Unpublished Internet Defendant developed relationship over a period of several months on the Intern
s failure to testify. Showed up for meeting 59 EFTA00226337 COURT 2*-7CASESca FACILITY.. . .. FACTS/COIVESIUNICATION , CHARGE -. . U.S. I Orrega, 363 F.3d 1093 (11th Cir. 2004) Internet Internet chat room; defendant said he was 24 yrs-old & began communication with "16 yr-old"; told her
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