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city. However, while a few contractors (including GM Hughes, Grumman, and McDonnell Douglas) have div
figures 1.1.1-3 above. This data suggests that a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution also provides a very good
rprising, as it is known that the log- normal and the Maxwell-Boltzmann have exponential tails, and so are not
negentropy created in the products of the firms. Essentially figures 1.3.5 to 1.3.7 bring together the economic and physical diagrams discussed in Ayres & Nair [Ayres & Nair 1984]; so that the circulation of wealth and money complies with the laws of physics as well as the laws of finance. The discussions o
e should fit together in this way, and in fact it wasn't until many years later that the equation was independently explained at an atomic level by Maxwell and Boltzmann. Thirdly, the equations do not refer to underlying microscopic mechanisms or variables. In equation (4.7a) there are no references to
l regularity and predictability in the aggregate. The Maxwell-Boltzmann-Gibbs methods of statistical mechanics
nsense. However the concept of absolute value is not nonsense, it is in fact very powerful. The concept of 'negentropy' as value, as articulated by Ayres & Nair [Ayres & Nair 1984] for example, is not just basic common sense; it works as a theoretical approach, as evidenced by the models in part A. Once the
ssipative structure approach, presumably there is a negentropy flow associated with 'maintaining' the dissipative structure in its low entropy form; Maxwell's demon is continually at work narrowing the spread of the distribution. However if this negentropy flow is smaller than the entropy flow through t
distribution [Levy & Solomon 1996]. In contrast the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of a normal thermodynamic
ropy, first proposed by Georgescu-Roegen have been treated as fundamental truths. Unfortunately these precepts are trivially mistaken. The paper of Ayres & Nair [Ayres & Nair 1984] provides a typical example. I have found this paper profoundly useful in guiding my ideas as to how to link the mathematics of e
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