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Experts agree that sexual grooming has been deemed a significant component of the cycle of CSA, (Finkelhor 1984; Hall and Hirschman 1992; Ward 2002; Ward and Siegert 2002; Williams 2015), as the few empirical studies that have examined the use of sexual grooming tactics found these were used by appro
e examined the use of sexual grooming tactics found these were used by approximately 30-45% of child sexual abusers (Canter, Hughes, and Kirby 1998; Groth and Birnbaum, 1978). The goals of sexual grooming are to gain initial cooperation by the victim, decrease the likelihood of discovery, and increase
elhor's Pre-condition Model (1984); Marshall and Barbaree's Integrated Theory (1990); and Hall and Hirschman's Quadripartite Model (1992). In 2002, Ward and Siegert proposed a more comprehensive theory of child sexual abuse by "knitting together" the strengths of each of the above theories. They prop
s wants to disguise what he is setting out to accomplish. In addition, it must be recognized that not all sexual offenders use grooming techniques. Groth, Hobson, and Gary (1982) differentiated between "child molesters" and "child rapists." Part of this distinction for these authors stems from their
s Association Kirby Forensic Psychiatric Center, Ward's Island, New York Kraft General Foods Special S
Residents," American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Baltimore, Maryland, October 27, 1979. 6. Dietz PE, Hazelwood RR, Fillinger H, Burgess AW, Groth AN: "Autoerotic Deaths," American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Baltimore, Maryland, October 27, 1979. 7. Dietz PE, Labowitz DI, Keefe JF, I
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