s wants to disguise what he is setting out to accomplish. In addition, it must be recognized that not all sexual offenders use grooming techniques. Groth, Hobson, and Gary (1982) differentiated between "child molesters" and "child rapists." Part of this distinction for these authors stems from their

0 through 1983. The first publication identified by Google Scholar as using the tern, "grooming" in this way was an article by Conte (1984) cit- ing Groth and Birnbaum (1979) for the proposition that "PIM most cases, except those involving abuse by a stranger, the perpetrator involves children in sexu

e, and coercion am expertly applied." Conte footnoted this process description to a 1979 book written by Nicholas Groth. In his 1979 book, however, Groth clearly described what has become known as the grooming process but he did not specially use the term grooming to name it. Therefore, it appears Gr

e examined the use of sexual grooming tactics found these were used by approximately 30-45% of child sexual abusers (Canter, Hughes, and Kirby 1998; Groth and Birnbaum, 1978). The goals of sexual grooming are to gain initial cooperation by the victim, decrease the likelihood of discovery, and increase

Residents," American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Baltimore, Maryland, October 27, 1979. 6. Dietz PE, Hazelwood RR, Fillinger H, Burgess AW, Groth AN: "Autoerotic Deaths," American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Baltimore, Maryland, October 27, 1979. 7. Dietz PE, Labowitz DI, Keefe JF, I