Epstein Secrets

F.2d at 1004. Although Congress empowered the federal courts through Rule 501 to "continue the evolutionary development of testimonial privileges," Trammell. United States, 445 U.S. 40, 47, 100 S. Ct. 906, 910 (1980), we disfavor newly minted privileges, which "contravene the fundamental principle that

. Ct. 1203, 1208 (1995)), and "ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing more for the court to do but execute the judgment," Carpenter'. Mohawk Indus., Inc., 541 F.3d 1048, 1052 (11th Cir. 2008) (quoting McMahon' Presidential Airways, Inc., 502 F.3d 1331, 1338 (11th Cir. 2007)), aff d, 558 U.S. 1

F.2d at 1004. Although Congress empowered the federal courts through Rule 501 to "continue the evolutionary development of testimonial privileges," Trammell. United States, 445 U.S. 40, 47, 100 S. Ct. 906, 910 (1980), we disfavor newly minted privileges, which "contravene the fundamental principle that

. Ct. 1203, 1208 (1995)), and "ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing more for the court to do but execute the judgment," Carpenter'. Mohawk Indus., Inc., 541 F.3d 1048, 1052 (11th Cir. 2008) (quoting McMahon' Presidential Airways, Inc., 502 F.3d 1331, 1338 (11th Cir. 2007)), aff d, 558 U.S. 1

F.2d at 1004. Although Congress empowered the federal courts through Rule 501 to "continue the evolutionary development of testimonial privileges," Trammell. United States, 445 U.S. 40, 47, 100 S. Ct. 906, 910 (1980), we disfavor newly minted privileges, which "contravene the fundamental principle that

. Ct. 1203, 1208 (1995)), and "ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing more for the court to do but execute the judgment," Carpenter'. Mohawk Indus., Inc., 541 F.3d 1048, 1052 (11th Cir. 2008) (quoting McMahon' Presidential Airways, Inc., 502 F.3d 1331, 1338 (11th Cir. 2007)), aff'd, 558 U.S. 1