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s, the word "case" is a term of art that has long been understood to mean "a suit instituted according to the regular course of judicial procedure." Muskrat v. United States , 219 U.S. 346, 356 (1911) (Article III "case" or controversy); see also Black's Law Dictionary (6th ed.) 215 ("case" is a "genera
stitution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat , 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicati
to its public or sovereign capacity; and (3) the Government's agent must have been acting within the scope of his or her authority. at 1541, citing FDIC v Harrison , 735 F.2d at 410. In this case, the Government was acting in its sovereign capacity when it investigated whether Epstein had committed any federal
titution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat, 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicatio
s public or sovereign capacity; and (3) the Government's agent must have been acting within the scope of his or her authority. Id. at 1541, citing FDIC v Harrison, 735 F.2d at 410. In this case, the Government was acting in its sovereign capacity when it investigated whether Epstein had committed any federal
titution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat, 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicatio
s public or sovereign capacity; and (3) the Government's agent must have been acting within the scope of his or her authority. Id. at 1541, citing FDIC v Harrison, 735 F.2d at 410. In this case, the Government was acting in its sovereign capacity when it investigated whether Epstein had committed any federal
titution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat, 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicatio
s public or sovereign capacity; and (3) the Government's agent must have been acting within the scope of his or her authority. Id. at 1541, citing FDIC v Harrison, 735 F.2d at 410. In this case, the Government was acting in its sovereign capacity when it investigated whether Epstein had committed any federal
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