Epstein Secrets

, but we decline to draw an arbitrary line. The victims' argument has an ipse dixit quality—that is, because our Court has never before applied the Penman doctrine outside of the grand jury context, we should not do so now. But we must ask instead whether applying the doctrine here makes sense. 11 E

g jurisdiction because the appellant "claims a privilege of non-disclosure relating to materials that another party has been directed to produce"); Int'l Horizons, Inc. I Comm. of Unsecured Creditors (In re Int'l Horizons, Inc.), 689 F.2d 996, 1001-02 (11th Cir. 1982) (holding that an order compelling production of

, but we decline to draw an arbitrary line. The victims' argument has an ipse dixit quality—that is, because our Court has never before applied the Penman doctrine outside of the grand jury context, we should not do so now. But we must ask instead whether applying the doctrine here makes sense. 11 E

g jurisdiction because the appellant "claims a privilege of non-disclosure relating to materials that another party has been directed to produce"); Int'l Horizons, Inc. I Comm. of Unsecured Creditors (In re Int'l Horizons, Inc.), 689 F.2d 996, 1001-02 (11th Cir. 1982) (holding that an order compelling production of

, but we decline to draw an arbitrary line. The victims' argument has an ipse dixit quality—that is, because our Court has never before applied the Penman doctrine outside of the grand jury context, we should not do so now. But we must ask instead whether applying the doctrine here makes sense. 11 E

g jurisdiction because the appellant "claims a privilege of non-disclosure relating to materials that another party has been directed to produce"); Int'l Horizons, Inc. I Comm. of Unsecured Creditors (In re Int'l Horizons, Inc.), 689 F.2d 996, 1001-02 (11th Cir. 1982) (holding that an order compelling production of