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, but we decline to draw an arbitrary line. The victims' argument has an ipse dixit quality—that is, because our Court has never before applied the Penman doctrine outside of the grand jury context, we should not do so now. But we must ask instead whether applying the doctrine here makes sense. 11 E
DOE NO. 1, JANE DOE NO. 2, Plaintiffs-Appellees, versus UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Defendant, ROY BLACK, MARTIN G. WEINBERG, JEFFREY EPSTEIN, Intervenors-Appellants. Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (April 18, 2014) Before PRYOR and MARTIN, Circuit Judges, and
, but we decline to draw an arbitrary line. The victims' argument has an ipse dixit quality—that is, because our Court has never before applied the Penman doctrine outside of the grand jury context, we should not do so now. But we must ask instead whether applying the doctrine here makes sense. 11 E
DOE NO. 1, JANE DOE NO. 2, Plaintiffs-Appellees, versus UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Defendant, ROY BLACK, MARTIN G. WEINBERG, JEFFREY EPSTEIN, Intervenors-Appellants. Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (April 18, 2014) Before PRYOR and MARTIN, Circuit Judges, and
, but we decline to draw an arbitrary line. The victims' argument has an ipse dixit quality—that is, because our Court has never before applied the Penman doctrine outside of the grand jury context, we should not do so now. But we must ask instead whether applying the doctrine here makes sense. 11 E
DOE NO. 1, JANE DOE NO. 2, Plaintiffs-Appellees, versus UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Defendant, ROY BLACK, MARTIN G. WEINBERG, JEFFREY EPSTEIN, Intervenors-Appellants. Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (April 18, 2014) Before PRYOR and MARTIN, Circuit Judges, and
Entities connected to both Penman and Intervenors-Appellants

Jeffrey Epstein
PERSONJane Doe
PERSONthe Southern District
LOCATION
Julie K. Brown
PERSON
Southern District of New York
ORGANIZATION
George W. Bush
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Ghislaine Maxwell
PERSONPerlman
PERSON
Michael Cohen
PERSON
Bradley Edwards
PERSONLeon Black
PERSON
Carpenter
PERSONKrane
PERSONDickson
PERSONLoan Corp.
ORGANIZATIONFederal Rule of Evidence 410
ORGANIZATIONRoy Black
PERSONFBI
ORGANIZATIONMartin Weinberg
PERSON