Epstein Secrets

eriences of sexual abuse can become inaccessible to con- sciousness. Although core features of stressful events are often panicu- lwly well retained (Christianson. 1992), debate centers on whether, for highly traumatic events, special memory mechanisms supercede normal memory processes. Some researchers argue

actors like event salience and personal rele- vance may facilitate memory retention (e.g., Baker-Ward. Hess. & Flanagan, 1990: Bower & Sivers. 1998; Christianson, 1992). severe abuse, which typically includes invasive sexual contact, force, or both. would be more likely to be remembered than less severe abus

rch suggests that compared with females, males are less likely to disclose (e.g., DeVoe & Faller, 1999; Finkelhor, Hotel- lag. Lewis. & Smith. 1990; Widom & Morris. 1997). Williams and Banyard (1997) uncovered significant gender differences when they compared disclosure in Williams's ( 1994a) sample of women w

der the relation of the event to one's life course (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006; Frankenhuis & Weenh, 2013); the emotional or taboo nature of the acts (Christianson, 1992; Goodman et al., 1990); meta-cognitive abilities (Koriat et al., 2000), especially in relation to schema-expected, plausible acts (Pezdek et

opardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of chiklren's testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10180- 000 Christianson, S. A. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 284-309. Connolly, I). A., Chong, K., Cobur

nted genital contact, the question of how accurately adults remember such experiences has gone largely unanswered (hut see Alexander et al., 2005; Widom & Morris, 1997; Williams, 1994). To shed light on this issue, we analyzed adults' memories for verified childhood genital contact after an 18-to-20-year de

aps because of their salience or distinctiveness. They may activate physiological (e.g., amygrIala; LeDoux, 2000) and behavioral (e.g., rehearsal; Christianson, 1992) responses that help con- solidate or maintain memories, possibly including memories for whole categories of experiences. Moreover, for highly

er better memory. Further- more, compared with females, males may be less likely to dis- close CSA (e.g., Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, & Smith, 1990; Widom & Morris, 1997; but see Goodman et al., 2003) and may have less detailed autobiographical memories about emotional events (Davis, 1999). If males are hesita