Epstein Secrets

"case" as "a question contested before a court of justice"). This general understanding is equally applicable to criminal proceedings. In Chavez v. Martinez, 538 U.S. 760 (2005), the Supreme Court held that a criminal "case" — as distinct from an investigation — "at the very least requires the initiation

rposes of the CVRA definition of 'crime victim,' the only material federal offenses are those for which there is a conviction or plea." Id., citing Hughey v. United States, 495 U.S. 411, 418 (1979), and In Re 28 Respondent's Exhibit A Case No. 08-80736-CIV-MARRA/JOHNSON EFTA00208064 Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document

"case" as "a question contested before a court of justice"). This general understanding is equally applicable to criminal proceedings. In Chavez v. Martinez, 538 U.S. 760 (2005), the Supreme Court held that a criminal "case" — as distinct from an investigation — "at the very least requires the initiation

rposes of the CVRA definition of 'crime victim,' the only material federal offenses are those for which there is a conviction or plea." Id., citing Hughey v. United States, 495 U.S. 411, 418 (1979), and In Re 28 EFTA00078862 Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document 62 Entered on FLSD Docket 04/08/2011 Page 29 of 54 Rendon G

re "merely a statement of assertion or concession made for some independent purpose," and may be controverted or explained by the party who made it. Martinez v. Bally's Louisiana, Inc., 244 F.3d 474, 476-77 (V' Cir. 2001), citing McNamara v. Miller, 269 F.2d 511, 515 (D.C. Cir. 1959). In contrast, a judi

urposes of the CVRA definition of 'crime victim,' the only material federal offenses are those for which there is a conviction or plea." M., citing Hughey v. United States, 495 U.S. 411, 418 (1979), and In Re 28 EFTA00230093 Case 9:08-cv-80736-KAM Document 62 Entered on FLSD Docket 04/08/2011 Page 29 of 54 Rendon