Epstein Secrets

s, certain victim charac- teristics (e.g., age, income level, education level, race). and the contextual characteristics of the crimes. Starzynski. Ullman. Filipas, and Townsend (2005) emphasized that deciding whom to tell about sexual assault is an important and potentially consequential decision for

- enced sexual assault. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. 18. 32-39. doi:10.1177/1078390311431889 Najdowski, C. 1., & Ullman. S. E. (2009). PTSD symptoms and self-rated recovery among adult sexual assault survivors: The effects of traumatic life events and psychosocial variables.

hs, or years after the assault (Dunleavy & Slowik, 2012; Esposito, 2006; Pilipas & Ullman, 2001; Lessing, 2005; Mon- roe et al., 2005; Plumbo, 1995; Ullman, 1996a) with fewer survivors disclosing in the acute period (7 days or less) when specialized sexual assault services (e.g., Sexual Assault Nurse

niversity. Retrieved from hupgAvww.vawlearningnetwork.caisitesileamingtoendabuse.ca.vaw leamingnetworkifiles/LN_Overcoming_Baniers_FINAL.pdf Bona. S. E., Callahan. J. L., & Long, P. J. (2006). Positive and neg- ative adjustment and social support of sexual assault survivors. Journal of Traumatic Stre

of prior sexual trauma are more likely to postpone disclosure of a subsequent assault than those without prior victimization (Smith et al., 2000: Ullman, 1996). This is in contrast with the findings of Ahrens et al. (2010), who report no dif- ference in rates of prior sexual trauma between early and

. Linden. J. A. (2011). Care of the adult patient alter sexual assault. New England Journal of Medicine. 365(9). 834-841. Littleton. H.. & Ullman, S. E. (2013). PTSD symptomatology and hazardous drinking as risk factors for sexual assault revicti. mization: Examination in European American and Afric

. Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, I). C. (2003). Confidence, not con- sistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14(5), 455-461. Ullman, S. E., & Filipas, H. H. (2005). Gender differences in social reactions to abuse disclosures, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of child sexual abuse sur

ico, J. M., & Rubin, I). C. (2003). Confidence, not con- sistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14(5), 455-461. Ullman, S. E., & Filipas, H. H. (2005). Gender differences in social reactions to abuse disclosures, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of child sexual abuse survivors.

of prior sexual trauma are more likely to postpone disclosure of a subsequent assault than those without prior victimization (Smith et al., 2000; Ullman, 1996). This is in contrast with the findings of Ahrens et al. (2010), who report no dif- ference in rates of prior sexual trauma between early and

. Linden. J. A. (2011). Care of the adult patient after sexual assault. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(9). 834 841. Littleton. H.. & Ullman. S. E. (2013). PTSD symptomatology and hazardous drinking as risk factors for sexual assault revicti mization: Examination in European American and Africa