Epstein Secrets

ss, ease of access, or perceived vulnerabilities of the child (Lanning 2010; McAlinden 2006; Mooney and Ost 2013; Olson, Ellevold, and Rogers 2007). Elliott, Browne, and Kilcoyne (1995) found that when selecting a victim, offenders often focused on physical characteristics such as the child being pretty

c (2016). in addition to a thorough review of the grooming literature. The vignettes described grooming behaviors commonly used by child molesters (Berliner and Conte 1990; Campbell 2009; Christiansen and Blake 1990: Craven et al. 2006; Elliott et al. 1995: Lang and Frenzel 1988; Lanning 2010; Lecrelec

ter the child molester has acquired the trust of the child, they may gradually increase physical contact in order to desensitize the child to touch (Berliner and Conte 1990; Christiansen and Blake 1990; Leclerc et al. 2009; McAlinden 2006). The child molester escalates physical contact to prepare the chi

ors were used on boys versus girls. In addition, most of the grooming literature reviewed discussed male offenders. Identifying Potential Victims Elliott and colleagues (1995) interviewed 91 child sex offenders about the strategies they used when committing their offenses. They found that 33% of the

ney to the child, 9% provided the child with illicit goods, and 4% provided the child with games or toys. In their interviews with 23 CSA victims, Berliner and Conte (1990) found that many children shared similar experiences with bribery and coercion prior to their abuse. Sixty-one percent of children

d from littp://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2252A 3502-013 Page 18 of 21 EFTA_00001430 EFTA00156771 Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 975 Berliner, L., & Conte, J. R. (1990). The process of victimization: The victims' perspective. Child Abuse and Attlee!, 14, 29-40. Berson, I. R. (2003). Groom

Men Exposed to Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Investigation." Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 21 (2):155-75. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2012.659803 Elliott, Ian A. 2017. "A Self-Regulation Model of Sexual Grooming." Trauma, Violence 6 Abuse l8 (0:83-97. doh 10.1177/1524838015591573 Elliott, Mkhele, Kev

a model of sexual grooming that has some support for its validity. While there had been numerous previous models of sexual grooming proposed (i.e., Berliner and Conte 1990; Craven, Brown, and Gilchrist 2007; Harms and Dam 1992; Lanning 2010; Leclerc, Proulx, and Beauregard 2009; McAlinden 2006; Olson et

mith 1989; Elliott, Browne, and 3502-034 Page 3 of 13 EFIA_00001687 EFTA00157028 G. M. WINTERS ET AL. Kilcoyne 1995) and victims of CSA (e.g., Berliner and Conte 1990). While these reviews and empirical studies provide vital information, there is still great variation within the field on how to defi

ns of the offender and consequently, the offender-victim interaction that follows when a crime is committed (Tedeschi & Felson, 1994). For example, Elliott, Browne. and Kilcoyne (1995) found that 39% of sexual offenders in their sample said that they would use threats or violence to overcome child resi

scuptive research on the modus operandi of sexual offenders against children Study Sample characteristics n Modus operandi statelD investigated Berliner and Conte (1990) Child victims of sexual 23 abuse reavited from the Sexual ASSaUlt Center in Seattle (USA) Incarcerated adult 72 offenders (U

, Wolf. & Smith, 1989: Lang & Frenzel, 1988 ) (see Table 1). These studies were mainly undertaken to provide information for prevention purposes.As Berliner and Conte (1990) pointed out: "Much current prevention knowledge is based on anecdotal information about the victimization process. Understanding t

ors were used on boys versus girls. In addition, most of the grooming literature reviewed discussed male offenders. Identifying Potential Victims Elliott and colleagues (1995) interviewed 91 child sex offenders about the strategies they used when committing their offenses. They found that 33% of the

gal Information Institute online. Retrieved from http://www.law.comell.edu/uscode/text/18/2252A EFTA00088777 Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 975 Berliner, L., & Conte, J. R. (1990). The process of victimization: The victims' perspective. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14, 29-40. Berson, I. It (2003). Groom

ney to the child, 9% provided the child with illicit goods, and 4% provided the child with games or toys. In their interviews with 23 CSA victims, Berliner and Conte (1990) found that many children shared similar experiences with bribery and coercion prior to their abuse. Sixty-one percent of children

grooming processes may differ in important ways, as there are some behaviors that are not possible online (e.g., providing the victim with alcohol; Elliott, 2017) and thus, the present study will focus solely on in-person grooming behaviors. It should also be noted that individuals who sexually abuse c

se: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, do Offenders, 23(8), 957-976. https•J/doi.org/ 10.1080/10538712.2014.960632 Berliner, L., & Conte, J. R. (1990). The process of victimization: The victims perspective. Child Abuse & Neglect, 14(1), 29-40. https•1/doLorg/10.1016/0145-