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yber-defense units of the army, navy, marines, and air force cyber forces were merged together and put under the command of the NSA director. General Keith Alexander became the first director of this new command. One problem for the Cyber Command was separating attacks by civilians, including criminals, hacktivist
, the other intelligence services, and the Department of Defense deemed what was relevant for national security. Even though the NSA remained part of the Department of Defense, its job went far beyond providing military intelligence. It also acted as a service agency to other American intelligence services. They pre- pared
ong, 2014 3, “No Such Agency”: The best description of the birth of the NSA can be found in Bamford, Puzzle Palace, 1-4. 4 the NSA learned: General Keith Alexander, interview with author. 4 twelve-minute video: This video can be seen at http://www.theguardian.com /world/video/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edwar
that he compromised contained many other secret sources and methods. The full extent of the damage Snowden did may never be fully known, even though the Department of Defense spent the better part of a year, and tens of thousands of investigative man-hours, trying to sort out just the compromised sources and methods per- t
the Army, Navy, Marines, and Air Force cyber forces, were merged together in this new command put under the command of the NSA director. NSA director Keith Alexander became the first director of this new command. One problem for the Cyber command was separating attacks by civilians, including criminals, hacktavist
of foreign governments. This latter mandate included the governments of allies as well as enemies. The President, the other intelligence services and the Department of Defense deemed what was relevant for national security. Even though the NSA remained part of the Department of Defense, its job went far beyond providing mil
Entities connected to both Keith Alexander and the Department of Defense

Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
Department of Justice
ORGANIZATION
Donald Trump
PERSON
George W. Bush
PERSON
Joe Biden
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Prince Andrew
PERSON
Virginia Giuffre
PERSON
Barack Obama
PERSONLeon Black
PERSON
Prince Charles
PERSON
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Stephen Hawking
PERSON
Julie K. Brown
PERSON
Homeland Security
ORGANIZATION
Vladimir Putin
PERSON
Bloomberg L.P.
ORGANIZATIONEmmy Taylor
PERSON
Mitch McConnell
PERSON
Paul Ryan
PERSON