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5 C.J.S. Damages § 2 (1966). (Emphasis added). See also, Fanin v. U.S. Dept. of Veteran Affairs, 2009 WL 1677233 (11th Cu. June 17, 2009), citing Fitzpatrick v. IRS, 665 F.2d 327, 331 (11th Cu. 1982), abrogated on other grounds by Doe v. Chao 540 U.S. 614, 124 S.Ct. 1204 (2004),( "Actual damages" recover
irected to Congress (§ 9, cl. 3), the other to the States (§ 10, cl. 1). We have construed the Clauses as applicable only to penal legislation. See Calder v. Bull, 3 Dail. 386, 390-391, 1 LEd. 648 (1798) (opinion of Chase, J.). These provisions demonstrate that retroactive statutes raise particular concerns.
5 C.J.S. Damages § 2 (1966). (Emphasis added). See also, Fanin v. U.S. Dept. of Veteran Affairs 2009 WL 1677233 (11th Cir. June 17, 2009), citing Fitzpatrick v. IRS, 665 F.2d 327, 331 (11th Cir. 1982), abrogated on other grounds by Doe v. Chao 540 U.S. 614, 124 S.Ct. 1204 (2004),( "Actual damages" recove
irected to Congress (§ 9, cl. 3), the other to the States (§ 10, cl. I). We have construed the Clauses as applicable only to penal legislation. See Calder v. Bull, 3 DaII. 386, 390-391, 1 L.Ed. 648 (1798) (opinion of Chase, J.). These provisions demonstrate that retroactive statutes raise particular concerns.
5 C.J.S. Damages § 2 (1966). (Emphasis added). See also, Fanin v. U.S. Dept. of Veteran Affairs 2009 WL 1677233 (11th Cir. June 17, 2009), citing Fitzpatrick v. IRS, 665 F.2d 327, 331 (11th Cir. 1982), abrogated on other grounds by Doe v. Chao 540 U.S. 614, 124 S.Ct. 1204 (2004),( "Actual damages" recove
irected to Congress (§ 9, cl. 3), the other to the States (§ 10, cl. I). We have construed the Clauses as applicable only to penal legislation. See Calder v. Bull, 3 DaII. 386, 390-391, 1 L.Ed. 648 (1798) (opinion of Chase, J.). These provisions demonstrate that retroactive statutes raise particular concerns.
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