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Observatory delegation gave the referendum an enthusiastic thumbs-up.3 Moscow has paid considerable attention to evolving political developments in Central and Eastern Europe. Despite their relatively recent histories of Soviet subjugation and communist rule, a number of these countries have seen the rise of populist or
and Methods of Modern Authoritarians 7. Military invasions: Russian forces poured into Georgia through its two breakaway territories, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, during a brief con- flict in 2008. In 2014, Russian troops occupied Crimea, oversaw a stage-managed referendum on annexation there, and unofficial
s he will never tolerate. It would be the final straw in dismantling Russian attempts to extend its influence over the `near abroad'—those parts of Central and Eastern Europe that escaped domination by Russia in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Putin has several times invoked Russia's right to influe
in Putin's equation the military risks would be EFTA00684330 negligible. Nothing happened in 2008 when Russia sent its military into Georgia and South Ossetia. In fact Georgia-South Ossetia 2008 might serve—with some modifications-as a blueprint. The main risks would be economic sanctions imposed by the W
FH_Authoritarians_Report_2017.indd
held them for two months before their release.”' Yet at the same time, the Kremlin was al- legedly fostering anti-fracking demonstrations in parts of Central and Eastern Europe.”? Russia organizes bogus election-monitoring missions that give a stamp of approval to polling in Crimea and other authoritar- ian settings, while e
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019280 →, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians 7. Military invasions: Russian forces poured into Georgia through its two breakaway territories, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, during a brief con- flict in 2008. In 2014, Russian troops occupied Crimea, oversaw a stage-managed referendum on annexation there, and unofficially
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019282 →Entities connected to both Central and Eastern Europe and South Ossetia

Vladimir Putin
PERSON
Barack Obama
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Crimea
LOCATION
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Middle East
LOCATION
George W. Bush
PERSON
Marc Rich
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATIONAbkhazia
LOCATIONLeon Black
PERSON
Samantha Power
PERSON
Ronald Reagan
PERSON
Cairo
LOCATION
Adolf Hitler
PERSON
Venezuela
LOCATIONKremlin
ORGANIZATION
Bill Clinton
PERSON
John Kerry
PERSON
Chile
LOCATION