Epstein Secrets

How Alan Turing invented the computer, helped win World War II and left us with one of the greatest puzzles of our time: are humans simply computers or are we more t

mminent destruction that had hung over the world since 1945. Gorbachev, on the other hand, felt this was just another escalation in the Cold War, and the Soviet Union would be forced to build yet more weapons to overcome the American defenses. He wanted Reagan's plans shelved, arguing that it broke the Anti-Ballist

Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially, British cryptanalysts led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in build- ing a rudimentary computer to decipher Germany’s messages to its submarines and bombers, but in 1942 Germany added a fourth set o

198 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS of the communications of its adversaries. Even though the Cold War had been declared over after the collapse of the Soviet Union a quar- ter of a century earlier, the age-old enterprise of espionage did not end with it. Russia and China still sought to blunt the edge that the N

Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially British cryptanalysts led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in building a rudimentary computer to decipher German messages to its submarines and bombers, but, in 1942, Germany added a fourth set of e

re he leaked information that exposed CIA operations. Although Agee insisted he was a whistle-blower, and he adamantly denied offering any secrets to the Soviet Union, the KGB viewed him as a conventional spy. According to Oleg Kalugin, the top Soviet counterintelligence officer in the KGB in Moscow, who defected t