Epstein Secrets

logy and the author of Baidarka: the Kayak, Darwin Among the Machines, Project Orion, and Turing ’s Cathedral. Peter Galison is a science historian, Joseph Pellegrino University Professor and co- founder of the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, and the author of Einstein's Clocks and Poincaré ’s Maps: Empires of T

fic even though no one seems to be in control. There are three laws of artificial intelligence. The first, known as Ashby’s Law, after cybernetician W. Ross Ashby, author of Design for a Brain, states that any effective control system must be as complex as the system it controls. The second law, articulated by

arning, cybernetics, and the self.” 159 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016962 ALGORISTS DREAM OF OBJECTIVITY Peter Galison Peter Galison is a science historian, Joseph Pellegrino University Professor and co- founder of the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, and the author of Einstein's Clocks and Poincaré’s Maps: Empires of Tim

rence to make a difference. In this way of looking at the world, a control system needed to be as complex as the system it controlled. Cyberneticist W. Ross Ashby proved that this was true in a precise mathematical sense, in what is now called Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, or sometimes the First Law of Cybe

logy and the author of Baidarka: the Kayak, Darwin Among the Machines, Project Orion, and Turing ’s Cathedral. Peter Galison is a science historian, Joseph Pellegrino University Professor and co- founder of the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, and the author of Einstein's Clocks and Poincaré ’s Maps: Empires of T

fic even though no one seems to be in control. There are three laws of artificial intelligence. The first, known as Ashby’s Law, after cybernetician W. Ross Ashby, author of Design for a Brain, states that any effective control system must be as complex as the system it controls. The second law, articulated by

arning, cybernetics, and the self.” 159 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016379 ALGORISTS DREAM OF OBJECTIVITY Peter Galison Peter Galison is a science historian, Joseph Pellegrino University Professor and co- founder of the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, and the author of Einstein's Clocks and Poincaré’s Maps: Empires of Tim

rence to make a difference. In this way of looking at the world, a control system needed to be as complex as the system it controlled. Cyberneticist W. Ross Ashby proved that this was true in a precise mathematical sense, in what is now called Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, or sometimes the First Law of Cybe