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Russian economy heavily based on its oil and gas resources. Sanctions against Iran also have EFTA00717211 prevented Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan from constructing export pipelines for their oil and gas through Iran to the Persian Gulf, allowing Russia to continue to exert a
ent Mediterranean naval task force, part of Putin's project of reinvigorating the Russian military and projecting power globally. Without access to Tartus, Russian ships and submarines would have nowhere in the eastern Mediterranean to refuel. Russia also has a deep fear of Islamic—and specifically Su
gion's resources that would bypass Russia. If Iran EFTA00660533 reverted to pro-Western alignment, the huge reserves of oil and gas landlocked in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan and the like could flow directly out to the world without a veto from Moscow. According to an Oct. 16, 2008, Wall Street Journal r
Iron-hard strategic calculations underpin his support for the Syria-Iran axis. Russia is rebuilding its Soviet-era naval base in the Syrian port of Tartus, which allows Moscow to reassert a plausible Mediterranean threat to NATO. Syria also provides Iran with a front line against Israel via Hezbollah
limits. Indeed, these leaders are quite unwilling to countenance genuine reforms and their responses to the Arab revolutions have been dismissive. Kazakhstan's President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, initiated an instant election rather than a palpably stage-managed referendum to give him life tenure because th
rivate "slush funds." Beyond that, Libya has also reportedly offered Russia a naval base in Benghazi while Syria has offered Moscow a naval base at Tartus. These events suggest that in return for arms sales host states are being pressured to give Moscow access to foreign bases. We have also seen this
cess to the region's resources that would bypass Russia. If Iran reverted to pro-Western alignment, the huge reserves of oil and gas landlocked in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan and the like could flow directly out to the world without a veto from Moscow. According to an Oct. 16, 2008, Wall Street Journal r
840328 strategic calculations underpin his support for the Syria-Iran axis. Russia is rebuilding its Soviet-era naval base in the Syrian port of Tartus, which allows Moscow to reassert a plausible Mediterranean threat to NATO. Syria also provides Iran with a front line against Israel via Hezbollah
Entities connected to both Kazakhstan and Tartus

Barack Obama
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Vladimir Putin
PERSON
George W. Bush
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATION
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Terje Rod-Larsen
PERSON
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Prince Andrew
PERSON
Tehran
LOCATION
Marc Rich
PERSON
Damascus
LOCATION
Tunisia
LOCATION
Middle East
LOCATION
Bloomberg L.P.
ORGANIZATION
Bahrain
LOCATION
Yemen
LOCATIONKremlin
ORGANIZATION
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Robert Gates
PERSON