Epstein Secrets

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

ge making, creativity, and the use of programming as artistic tools. The deep connections between science and art had already been noted by the late Heinz von Foerster, one of the architects of cybernetics, who worked with Norbert Wiener from the mid-1940s and in the 1960s founded the field of second-order cyberneti

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

ge making, creativity, and the use of programming as artistic tools. The deep connections between science and art had already been noted by the late Heinz von Foerster, one of the architects of cybernetics, who worked with Norbert Wiener from the mid-1940s and in the 1960s founded the field of second-order cyberneti

r machine, now known as a Universal Turing Machine, an arbitrary set of computing instructions could be encoded on that same tape. In the 1940s, von Neumann developed an abstract self-reproducing machine called a cellular automaton. In this case it occupied a finite subset of an infinite two- dimensional

d systems—1* order Cybernetics— moved to the Cybernetics of observing systems—2"™ order Cybernetics—or “the Cybernetics of Cybernetics”, as coined by Heinz von Foerster, who joined the Macy conferences in the mid 1950s, and spearheaded the new movement. Cybernetics, rather than disappearing, was becoming metabolized

r machine, now known as a Universal Turing Machine, an arbitrary set of computing instructions could be encoded on that same tape. In the 1940s, von Neumann developed an abstract self-reproducing machine called a cellular automaton. In this case it occupied a finite subset of an infinite two- dimensional

d systems—1* order Cybernetics— moved to the Cybernetics of observing systems—2"™ order Cybernetics—or “the Cybernetics of Cybernetics”, as coined by Heinz von Foerster, who joined the Macy conferences in the mid 1950s, and spearheaded the new movement. Cybernetics, rather than disappearing, was becoming metabolized