Epstein Secrets

is a clear statement that an amendment should apply retroactively to pre-enactment conduct. See, e.g., Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States ex rel. Schumer, 520 U.S. 939, 952 (1997) ("Given the absence of a clear statutory expression of congressional intent to apply the 1986 amendment to conduct complet

laint's allegations must be taken as true, "unwarranted deductions of facts or legal conclusions masquerading as facts will not prevent dismissal." Oxford Asset Mgnt., Ltd. v. Jaharis, 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 (11th Cir. 2002). Courts likewise may take note of public-record materials subject to judicial notice—even if

is a clear statement that an amendment should apply retroactively to pre-enactment conduct. See, e.g., Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States ex rel. Schumer, 520 U.S. 939, 952 (1997) ("Given the absence of a clear statutory expression of congressional intent to apply the 1986 amendment to conduct complet

laint's allegations must be taken as true, "unwarranted deductions of facts or legal conclusions masquerading as facts will not prevent dismissal." Oxford Asset Mgnt., Ltd. v. Jaharis, 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 (11th Cir. 2002). Courts likewise may take note of public-record materials subject to judicial notice—even if

is a clear statement that an amendment should apply retroactively to pre-enactment conduct. See, e.g., Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States ex rel. Schumer, 520 U.S. 939, 952 (1997) ("Given the absence of a clear statutory expression of congressional intent to apply the 1986 amendment to conduct complet

laint's allegations must be taken as true, "unwarranted deductions of facts or legal conclusions masquerading as facts will not prevent dismissal." Oxford Asset Mgnt., Ltd. v. Jaharis, 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 (11th Cir. 2002). Courts likewise may take note of public-record materials subject to judicial notice—even if

is a clear statement that an amendment should apply retroactively to pre-enactment conduct. See, e.g., Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States ex rel. Schumer, 520 U.S. 939, 952 (1997) ("Given the absence of a clear statutory expression of congressional intent to apply the 1986 amendment to conduct complet

laint's allegations must be taken as true, "unwarranted deductions of facts or legal conclusions masquerading as facts will not prevent dismissal." Oxford Asset Mgnt., Ltd. v. Jaharis, 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 (11th Cir. 2002). Courts likewise may take note of public-record materials subject to judicial notice—even if

is a clear statement that an amendment should apply retroactively to pre-enactment conduct. See, e.g., Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States ex rel. Schumer, 520 U.S. 939, 952 (1997) ("Given the absence of a clear statutory expression of congressional intent to apply the 1986 amendment to conduct complet

laint's allegations must be taken as true, "unwarranted deductions of facts or legal conclusions masquerading as facts will not prevent dismissal." Oxford Asset Mgnt., Ltd. v. Jaharis, 297 F.3d 1182, 1188 (11th Cir. 2002). Courts likewise may take note of public-record materials subject to judicial notice—even if