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ed at least $50,000 in damages. Id. (emphasis added). Where the statute's words are unambiguous—as the are here--the "judicial inquiry is complete." Merritt v, Dillard Paper Co., 120 F.3d 1181, 1186 (11th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted)). Under the 2003 version of the statute, only minors could initiate s
law that existed when the conduct took place has timeless and universal appeal." Kaiser Alum. & Chem. Corp. v. Bonjorno, 494 U.S. 827, 855 (1990) (Scalia, J., concurring). Id. at 265 (footnote omitted). Courts therefore apply the statute in effect at the time of the underlying conduct unless there is
ed at least $50,000 in damages. Id. (emphasis added). Where the statute's words are unambiguous—as the are here--the "judicial inquiry is complete." Merritt v, Dillard Paper Co., 120 F.3d 1181, 1186 (11th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted)). Under the 2003 version of the statute, only minors could initiate s
law that existed when the conduct took place has timeless and universal appeal." Kaiser Alum. & Chem. Corp. v. Bonjorno, 494 U.S. 827, 855 (1990) (Scalia, J., concurring). Id. at 265 (footnote omitted). Courts therefore apply the statute in effect at the time of the underlying conduct unless there is
ed at least $50,000 in damages. Id. (emphasis added). Where the statute's words are unambiguous—as the are here--the "judicial inquiry is complete." Merritt v, Dillard Paper Co., 120 F.3d 1181, 1186 (11th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted)). Under the 2003 version of the statute, only minors could initiate s
law that existed when the conduct took place has timeless and universal appeal." Kaiser Alum. & Chem. Corp. v. Bonjorno, 494 U.S. 827, 855 (1990) (Scalia, J., concurring). Id. at 265 (footnote omitted). Courts therefore apply the statute in effect at the time of the underlying conduct unless there is
ed at least $50,000 in damages. Id. (emphasis added). Where the statute's words are unambiguous—as the are here--the "judicial inquiry is complete." Merritt v, Dillard Paper Co., 120 F.3d 1181, 1186 (11th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted)). Under the 2003 version of the statute, only minors could initiate s
law that existed when the conduct took place has timeless and universal appeal." Kaiser Alum. & Chem. Corp. v. Bonjorno, 494 U.S. 827, 855 (1990) (Scalia, J., concurring). Id. at 265 (footnote omitted). Courts therefore apply the statute in effect at the time of the underlying conduct unless there is
ed at least $50,000 in damages. Id. (emphasis added). Where the statute's words are unambiguous—as the are here--the "judicial inquiry is complete." Merritt v, Dillard Paper Co., 120 F.3d 1181, 1186 (11th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted)). Under the 2003 version of the statute, only minors could initiate s
law that existed when the conduct took place has timeless and universal appeal." Kaiser Alum. & Chem. Corp. v. Bonjorno, 494 U.S. 827, 855 (1990) (Scalia, J., concurring). Id. at 265 (footnote omitted). Courts therefore apply the statute in effect at the time of the underlying conduct unless there is
at language, and '[c]ourts have no authority to alter statutory language.... We cannot add to the terms of [the] provision what Congress left out.' Merritt, 120 F.3d at 1187.° See also Dodd v. U.S., 125 S.Ct. 2478 (2005); 73 Am.Jur.2d Statutes §124. EFTA00175293 • Case 9:09-cv-80469-KAM Document 13
were possessed; the Court held the legislative amendment was a mere clarification of the prior legislation and not an ex post facto law. 9 Justice Scalia cited the statement of purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1991, to hold that, for example, the amendments specifically designed to overrule Patterso
Entities connected to both Merritt and Scalia

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United States
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George W. Bush
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Julie K. Brown
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Scarlett Johansson
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Bowen
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Alexander Acosta
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Department of Justice
ORGANIZATIONRobert C. Josefsberg
PERSONKatherine W. Ezell
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