Epstein Secrets

ome selection within groups. He further suggested that group selection is nearly always weak, so that group-related adaptations do not exist (3). Richard Dawkins (I) popularized the notion that traits which evolve arc adaptive at the gene level through his use of the metaphor of the selfish gene. Genes ser

-8). For instance, in The God Delusion, Richard Dawkins places specific Judeo- Christian theological doct

H. (2005). When high-powered people fail: Working memory and "choking under pressure" in math. Psychological Science, 16, 101-105. 22. Allen, K. M., Blascovich, .1., & Mendes, W.B. (2002). Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: The truth about cats and d

(3-8). For instance, in 7he God Delusion, Richard Dawkins places specific Judeo- Christian theological doct

science (or religion) is the one and only valid way of understanding human behavior and the world around us (3-8). For instance, in 7he God Delusion, Richard Dawkins places specific Judeo- Christian theological doctrines under the scrutiny of science only to find that none passes scientific muster. The vast major

& Carr, T. H. (2005). When high-powered people fail: Working memory and "choking under pressure” in math. Psychological Science, 16, 101-105. Allen, K. M., Blascovich, J., & Mendes, W.B. (2002). Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: The truth about cats and dogs. Psyc

ly involved in manipulating these patterns, using artificial selection to alter the size, shape, coloration, and lifespan of plants and animals. The Darwins of today continue this tradition, but with new tools, informed by understanding of the genetic code and aided by technical developments in engineerin

y wanted to lure in an innocent victim for robbery send a seductive smile? This line of questioning, developed by the British evolutionary biologists Richard Dawkins and John Krebs, led to a number of studies showing that animals are engaged in a much more complicated and dynamic dance when they compete. Static pr

.J. (1992). Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizeable groups. Ethology and Sociobiology, 113, 171-195; Carlsmith, K. M., Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2008). The paradoxical consequences of revenge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95 (6), 1316-1324; de

onomic Journal, 100, 464-477. Andreoni, J., Rao, J. M., & Trachtman, H. (2011). Avoiding the ask: A fiel

n The Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma has famously been used as an explanation for the evolution of cooperation among non-kin (Axelrod & Hamilton, 1981; Dawkins, 2006; Pinker, 2003; Trivers, 1971). In this section, we show how the same basic model can be used to explain many of the quirky features of our pro-