Epstein Secrets

Poole and White, 1991), age (Goodman and Reed, 1986), and suggestive questioning (Leichtman and Ceci, 1995; see Ceci and Bruck, 1993 and Saywitz and Goodman. 1995, for reviews). In these experimental studies, the typical procedure is that a child is exposed to a controlled event, often a play session, a

this limitation further, many recent experimental investigations have utilized naturally occurring stressful events. In studies of this type (e.g. Goodman et at, 1991, 1994; Merritt et at, 1994) a full record is made of a naturally occurring stressful event, such as a painful medical procedure, and the

Child Abuse and Neglect, 10. 253-258. Leichtman, M. D. and Ceci. S. J. (1995). The effects of stereotypes and suggestions on preschoolers' reports. Developmental Psychology, 31, 568-578. Merritt, K. A.. Ornstein. P. A. and Spiker, B. (1994). Children's memory for a salient medical procedure: Implications for testimony.

e included in child maltreatment samples (but see Eisen, Goodman. Qin. Davis, & Crayton, 2007: Masten et al., 2008; Mefinder, Barr- gemd. (menstad, & Goodman, 2013), likely limiting the upper range of psychopathology symptoms studied. Finally, especially for longitudinal research, attrition can affect re

suffered the most severe maltreatment. resulting in permanent removal from home, may not be included in child maltreatment samples (but see Eisen, Goodman. Qin. Davis, & Crayton, 2007: Masten et al., 2008; Mefinder, Barr- gemd. (menstad, & Goodman, 2013), likely limiting the upper range of psychopatho

ires/10.10165.dr2012.06.032 Pollak. S. D.. & Straw. P. (201)2). Effects of early experience on children's recognition of facial dhplays of emotion. Developmental Psychology. 38.781-791. hups://dokorg/10.1037/AK/12- 1649.38.5.784 Qua'.. J. A.. Alexander. K. W.. Crorebnan. G. S.. Cheri. S.. Edelstein R. S.. & Redlich. A

y, including of child sexual abuse (Goodman et al., 2003), and predict adults' sus- ceptibility to false suggestion (Howe & Knott, 2015; Qin, Ogle, & Goodman, 2008). There are factors, however, that guard against false childhood recollections (e.g., Pezdek, Finger, & Hodge, 1997). Relatively strong memo

E. (2006). The influence of prior knowledge and repeated questioning on chil- dren's long-term retention of the details of a pediatric examination. Developmental Psychology, 42, 332-344. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.332 Otgaar, H., Muris, P., Howe, M. L, & Merchkelback, H. (2017). What drives false memories in psychopat