vil monetary penalty). ar See Jury Instructions at 21, United States v. Aguilar, No. 10-cr-1031 (C.D. Cal. May 16, 2011), ECF No. 511. "8 See, 6.8.5 Pacific Can Co. v. Hewes, 95 F.2d 42, 46 (9th Cir. 1938) (“Where one corporation is controlled by another, the former acts not for itself but as directed by the lat