nological capacities — both linguistic and musical — that are primed and ready-to-go from birth (Eimas et al. 1971; Werker & Tees 1997; Tramo 2001; Trehub 2003). Our work on auditory modulation of pain-evoked tachycardia suggests infants respond to lullabies as early as 31 weeks gestational age (Tramo et al