t that the courts had no choice but to look beyond nationality to establish the defendants' ties with the United States. See, e.g., United States' Klimavicius-Vilor- ia, 144 F.3d 1249, 1254 (9th Cir. ili(defendant and crew "were all Columbian"); 905 F.2d at 247 ('= is not a citizen of the United States.