tine v. Konteh, 395 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2005) 155 Vernon v. Cassadaga Valley Cent. School Dist., 49 F.3d 886 (2d Cir. 1995) 32, 33 Washington v. Giucksberg, 521 U.S. 702 (1997) 104 Weingarten v. United States, 865 F.3d 48 (2d Cir. 2017) passim Zafiro v. United States, 506 U.S. 534 (1993) 140, 147