35,36,41,42 Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1 (2004) 56, 57 Madanes v. Madanes, 186 F.R.D. 279 (S.D.N.Y. 1999) 141 Martindell v. Intl Tel. and Tel Coup., 594 F.2d 291 (2d Cir. 1979) passim Martinez v. McAleenan, 385 F. Stipp. 3d 349 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) 150, 151 Michigan v. Tucker, 417 U.S. 433 (1