y Nirenberg takes to get there is exhilarating. Each chapter of "Anti-Judaism" is devoted to an era in Western history and the particular kinds of anti-Judaism it fostered. Few if any of these moments are new discoveries; indeed, Nirenberg's whole argument is that certain types of anti-Judaism are so centr

and Kings. Surprisingly, Nirenberg shows, the decline of religion in Europe and the rise of the Enlightenment did little to change the rhetoric of anti-Judaism. Voltaire, Kant, and Hegel all used Judaism as a EFTA_R1_02207750 EFTA02722673 figure for what they wanted to overcome—superstition, legalistic