United States v. United States v. Randazzo, 80 F.3d 623 (1st Cir. 1996) Rivera, 546 F.3d 245 (2d Cir. 2008) Sampson, 385 F.3d 183 (2d Cir. 2004) Turoff, 853 F.2d 1037 (2d Cir.1988) Walker, 142 F.3d 103 (2d Cir. 1998) Werner, 620 F.2d 922 (2d Cir. 1980) Winchester, 407 F. Supp. 261 (D. Del. 1975)