4 United States v. Botti, No. 3:08-cr-00230 (CSH), 2009 WL 3157582 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 2009) 4, 9 United States v. Bradford, 487 F. Supp. 1093 (D. Conn. 1980) 5 United States v. Brown, No. 07-0296-1, 2008 WL 161146 (E.D. Pa. Jan. 16, 2008) 4, 7 United States v. Burke, 789 F. Supp. 2d 395 (S.D.N.Y. 2011