Sudan's borders to affect the entire region. Meanwhile, fierce fighting broke out between government forces and the rebels in the oil-rich town of Malakal, capital of the Upper Nile State, in the most significant violation of the ceasefire that was supposed to help end the crisis in the fractured youn

g nation. In a separate development, fighting broke out among civilians from different ethnic groups taking shelter inside a UN base camp located in Malakal, further exposing the decline of cohesion in the nation. As the violence shows no signs of abating, the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMIS