grid. John Muir, who was born twenty years after Thoreau and founded the Sierra Club in 1892, viewed city liv- ing as toxic to both body and soul." The National Park Service, established by Congress in 1916, was conceived as an increas- ingly necessary corrective to urban life, and national parks were MORE LIKE MANHATTA

which means that businesses are not able to check on the legal immigration status of prospective employees during the shutdown. Parks=and museums: The National Park Service closed more than 400 national parks and museums, including Yosemite National Park in California, Alcatraz in San Francisco, and the Statue of Libert