action, or if one believes the pre-charge model does not raise 'serious constitutional problems," there is no issue. Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. Florida Gulf Coast Bldg. & Constr. Trades Council. 485 U.S. 568. 575. 108 S. Ct. 1392. 1397. 99 L.Ed.2d 645 (1988)). But I do not believe the text is so clear, and—as I dis