82 (JMS) (RLP), 2019 WL 1386365 (D. Haw. Mar. 27, 2019) 27, 28, 29 United States v. Smith, 148 F. App'x 867 (11th Cir. 2005) 26 United States v. Stroming, 838 F. App'x 624 (2d Cir. 2021) (summary order) 15 United States v. Thomas, 116 F.3d 606 (2d Cir. 1997) 15 United States v. Valle, No. 12 Cr. 84