, 975 F.2d 1431 (9th Cir. 1992) 28 United States v. Heine, No. 15 Cr. 238 (SI), 2017 WL 5260784 (D. Or. Nov. 13, 2017).27, 28, 29 United States v. Labansat, 94 F.3d 527 (9th Cir. 1996) 26, 30 United States v. Libby, 461 F. Supp. 2d 3 (D.D.C. 2006) passim United States v. Lumpkin, 192 F.3d 280 (2d Cir