2947 (NG) (RML), 2006 WL 2053717, (E.D.N.Y. July 21, 2006) 18 Foretich v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., 37 F.3d 1541 (4th Cir. 1994) 8, 11 Fowler v. New York Herald, 172 N.Y.S. 423 (l s' Dep't 1918) 8 EFTA00595585 Case 1:15-cv-07433-RWS Document 15 Filed 12/01/15 Page 4 of 29 Frechtman v. Gutterman, 979 N.Y.