cheme and a wrongdoer's 8 EFTA00595537 Case 10-02612-RBR Doc 148-1 Filed 12/14/10 Page 9 of 10 fraudulent intent. See Johnson v. Neilson (In re Slatkin), 525 F.3d 805,811-12 (9th Cir. 2008). Further, 'criminal convictions based on operating a Ponzi scheme establish fraudulent intent for the purpose