3 (N.Y. 2015) (affirming motion to dismiss based on pre-litigation qualified privilege); Orenstein v. Figel, 677 F.Supp.2d 706, 722 (S.D.N.Y. 2009); Fuji Photo Film U.S.A., Inc., v. McNulty, 669 F.Supp.2d 405, 415-16 (S.D.N.Y. 2009). While conceding that the absence of privilege is an element of defamation, Opp'n at 20-21,