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is minimal. Due to royalty agreements, marginal costs fo= Spotify grow with user growth limiting operating leverage from network ef=ect (similar to Lyft/Uber/Airbnb) * =span style="font-size:10.5pt">Competition — Apple Music — Record labels Index Implications In order to be included in the S&P 5=0, a compa

is minimal. Due to royalty agreements, marginal costs for Spotify grow with user growth limiting operating leverage from network effect (similar to Lyft/Uber/Airbnb) * Competition — Apple Music — Record labels 2 EFTA_R1_01647200 EFTA02513877 Index Implications In order to be included in the S&P 500, a com